Foreign Policy And Diplomacy Of Ottoman, Habsburg, Transylvania In The Process Of Retreating Of Ottoman Empire From Europe

Abstract

With the failure of the 2nd siege of Vienna, the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from the Hungarian territory started. From then on the history of the region was going to be determined by the enlargement of Habsburg sovereignty over Carpathian Basin. While at Habsburg campaign it was aimed to unify old Hungarian Kingdom under the Caesar administration, especially after the confiscate of Buda, Transylvania was seen as last part of kingdom. During the period examined, Principality of Transylvania administration of which transferred from Michael I. Apafi to Imre Thokoly remained in between Habsburg and Ottoman empires, in this regard it was a politically weakened structure that tried to meet both forces' requisitions. Nevertheless, as its aim was primarily to continue its legal existence, it succeeded to get guaranty treaties from administration of Wien which gained active status in the region. Correspondingly at Sublime Porte, documents in order to sustain administration on Transylvania were written. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze previously mentioned documents in order to reflect the political situation of principality of Transylvania struggling to survive on an era of separation of Ottoman sovereignty from Hungarian territories. Therefore, it was aimed to throw light on the fundamentals of political and economic transformation in Europe arising from the Treaty of Karlowitz that ended the 18th century and the diplomacy between the three states.